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MCL FAQ updated June 22, 1994
- To: announce-mcl
- Subject: MCL FAQ updated June 22, 1994
- From: straz@cambridge.apple.com (Steve Strassmann)
- Date: Wed, 22 Jun 1994 15:12:05 -0400
MCL FAQ
(Frequently Asked Questions about Macintosh Common Lisp)
Updated: 22 June, 1994
* What is MCL?
Macintosh Common Lisp (MCL) is an object-oriented dynamic language (OODL)
from Apple Computer, Inc. It implements the industry standard Common Lisp
programming language and CLOS (as defined in Common Lisp: The Language,
second edition), and is fully integrated with the Macintosh family of
personal computers.
MCL is a completely integrated development environment, including a fast
incremental compiler which produces efficient native 680x0 code, a
window-based debugger, a sourcecode stepper, a dynamic object inspector, a
stack backtrace inspector, a programmable Macintosh-style emacs-like
editor, online documentation, and an interactive interface toolkit. MCL
provides both high-level object-oriented user interface class library and
complete low-level access to the Macintosh Toolbox.
Using MCL, you can create a standalone double-clickable Macintosh
application using less than 2MB of disk space which can be run with 2MB or
more of memory.
* What mailing lists are there for MCL users?
info-mcl@cambridge.apple.com
This is a mailing list for MCL users. Many MCL users find this list to be a
valuable resource for sharing information with other MCL users. If you have
any questions about MCL that aren't answered in this FAQ (or tips,
suggestions, or code to share) send them to the address above and often
another user will be able to help you.
You can read it in several ways.
1) Subscribe to info-mcl by sending mail to
info-mcl-request@cambridge.apple.com.
2) Read the "digest" version, info-mcl-digest (see below).
3) If you are on Applelink, join the INFO.MCL$ group by
sending a link to ST.CLAIR.
4) If you have access to netnews, join the
comp.lang.lisp.mcl newsgroup.
info-mcl-digest@cambridge.apple.com
This is the same information as info-mcl, gathered into a single daily
"digest" message.
To subscribe, please send mail to info-mcl-digest-request@cambridge.apple.com.
bug-mcl@cambridge.apple.com
Send mail to bug-mcl if you need to contact the MCL team at Apple. We are
committed to helping you, and we will try to respond as quickly as
possible.
If you encounter a problem which you think is MCL's fault, please let us
know by sending us a bug report including a detailed description of your
machine configuration, and a description of your problem. If you can send a
*small* fragment of code which reproduces the problem, that would also be
of great help.
* Is there an internet ftp site for MCL?
Yes, connect to cambridge.apple.com by anonymous ftp.
Apple offers the following directories as a service to MCL users:
/pub/MACL/ Code for MCL versions 1.3.2 and earlier.
/pub/MCL2/ Code for MCL versions 2.0 and later.
/pub/clim/ CLIM-related files
/pub/comp.lang.lisp/ Archives (rather out of date) of the
comp.lang.lisp newsgroup.
/pub/dylan/ Information about Apple's other OODL, Dylan
/pub/mail-archive/ Archives of the info-mcl mailing list
The /pub/MCL2/ directory has the following subdirectories:
contrib/ The MCL user-contributed software library
docs/ Additional documentation about MCL
interfaces/ Interfaces to the Macintosh Toolbox
patches/ Patches to MCL 2.0
The /pub/MCL2/contrib/ directory is a rich resource of useful code and
extensions to MCL. It exists thanks to the generosity and community spirit
of other MCL users. You are free to download files that are useful to you,
as long as you heed all copyright notices and restrictions that may
accompany them. Apple does not attempt to control the contents of the
contrib library, all files are made available on an as-is basis. We do not
modify contributions, and in most cases we do not test them or make any
guarantees of their functionality or usefulness.
If you have some MCL-related code that you'd like to share with other MCL
users, Apple welcomes your contribution. Please upload it by anonymous ftp
to the contrib directory, and send some mail to info-mcl announcing it.
Apple cannot accept any code which is not authorized for public
distribution by its author(s), so please make sure you include some notice
with your code giving us permission to distribute it.
MCL versions 2.0 and greater include a CD-ROM containing portions of the
contrib library as a service to our customers who do not have ftp access.
As with our ftp site, Apple does not modify or verify such code, and all
ownership and copyright remains with the author. If you contribute code to
our ftp site, please indicate whether you prefer to grant or deny Apple
permission to include your code on future CD-ROMs.
* What if I don't have ftp access?
You can receive files by email using our archive server. Send mail to
archive-server@cambridge.apple.com for more details.
Most files are also made available on the MCL CD-ROM, which is included
with the purchase
of MCL.
* Where can I get MCL support on Applelink?
Applelink users can subscribe to INFO.MCL$, which is a copy of the info-mcl
list (see above).
Applelink users can send mail to "info-mcl@cambridge.apple.com@internet#"
(to reach users), or to "bug-mcl@cambridge.apple.com@internet#" (to reach
the MCL team)
There are two areas on Applelink for discussions and files related to MCL:
Developer Support
Developer Talk
Macintosh Development Tool Discussions
Macintosh Common Lisp Discussion
Developer Support
Developer Services
Development Platforms
MCL related
* Where can I buy MCL?
MCL is available from the Apple Programmers and Developers Association (APDA).
Macintosh Common Lisp v. 2.0.1 B0752LL/B -- $495.00
Includes 3 Mac disks, a CD-ROM, and two manuals.
Macintosh Common Lisp v. 1.x to v. 2.0.1 Update B0753LL/B -- $200.00
Includes 3 Mac disks, a CD-ROM, and two manuals.
Available to owners of pre-2.0 releases of MCL
Macintosh Common Lisp v. 2.0 to v. 2.0.1 Upgrade R0561LL/A -- $25.00
Includes 3 Mac disks and a CD-ROM, no manuals
Available to owners of MCL 2.0
To order MCL, and to get a free catalog featuring over 300 other Apple
programming products, contact:
APDA
Apple Computer, Inc
P.O. Box 319
Buffalo, NY 14207-0319
USA
800-282-APDA (800-282-2732), toll-free in the USA
800-637-0029, toll-free in Canada
716-871-6555, international
716-871-6511, fax
APDA (Applelink)
APDA@applelink.apple.com (internet)
A.DEVELOPER3 (GEnie)
76666,2405 (Compuserve)
APDA Sale (America Online)
MCL is also available from international APDA programs in many countries.
Contact APDA or your local Apple office for more information.
MCL is also available from SFA (Software Frameworks Association, formerly
called MADA), an independent nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting
the use of object technology in software development. Several levels of
membership are available. SFA members may purchase MCL at a special
discount. For more information, please contact SFA at:
Software Frameworks Association
Suite 202-B
10062 Miller Ave.
Cupertino, CA 95014
408-253-2765 (phone)
408-253-2767 (fax)
FRAMEWORKS@applelink.apple.com (email)
* Are site licenses and distribution licenses available?
Yes. For licensing information, please contact Apple Software Licensing at
408-974-4667, or email sw.license@applelink.apple.com.
You may distribute any quantity of commercial, double-clickable
applications built with MCL for a one-time fee of $100 (or $10 for
non-commercial use). For more details, please contact Apple Software
Licensing.
* What Macintosh configurations will MCL run on?
MCL 2.0 will work on any Macintosh with at least 4 MB of RAM and 6MB of
disk storage, Macintosh System Software v. 6.0.4 or later; or A/UX 3.0. A
CD-ROM drive is recommended.
See the chart below to determine compatibility with specific Macintosh models.
* What's the difference between MCL 2.01 and MCL 2.0?
MCL 2.01 is essentially a maintenance update to MCL 2.0. If you get the
2.01 ptable init and install the following patches into your copy of MCL
2.0, you will have an equivalent system:
MCL 2.0p1, MCL 2.0p2, cyclone-cursor-patch,
Centris-without-FPU, AUX-on-quadra
* Where can I get patches from?
On the Internet, you can get patches from the /pub/MCL2/patches/ directory
on the anonymous FTP server at cambridge.apple.com)
On Applelink, patches are available on the MCL forums (see above)
Patches for MCL are also distributed on the monthly Developer's CD-ROM,
available by subscription from APDA (see above for ordering information).
* What's with the ptable init, anyways?
The ptable init initializes the memory management hardware (if present) in
such a way that MCL can use it to make ephemeral garbage collection (EGC)
more efficient. Since it deals at a very low level with both the hardware
and the operating system, it is vulnerable to minor changes when a new
Macintosh model or operating system version is released.
MCL will always run without the ptable init. In most configurations, just
running the ptable init will slow down all memory accesses until you
restart without it. The slowdown isn't very large, but you will have to
decide whether or not the benefit of improved EGC performance is worth the
cost, depending upon your exact usage of MCL and your Mac.
You should probably use the ptable init only if all of the following
are true:
* Your Macintosh's CPU is an 040, 030, or 020 (with a PMMU
installed), and
* You prefer to run MCL with EGC enabled
* Which version of MCL runs on what hardware?
Macintosh
=> Recommended MCL version
Mac Plus, SE, Portable
=> MCL 2.0 or later
(ptable init will be ignored)
SE30, Classic, Classic II, Color Classic
LC, LCII, LCIII, LC 520
II, IIx, IIci, IIcx, IIfx
Quadra 700, 900, 950, 800
=> MCL 2.0 or later
ptable init 2.0 or later
Powerbook Duo 210, 230
Powerbook 140, 145, 160, 165c, 180, 180c
IIvi, IIvx
Centris 650 (with FPU)
=> MCL 2.0 or later
ptable init 2.01 or later
Centris 610, 650 (with no FPU)
Quadra 660av, 840av
=> MCL 2.01 or later
ptable init 2.01 or later
The 2.01 version of the ptable init is available for anonymous FTP from
cambridge.apple.com:/pub/mcl2/patches/ptable-2.01.hqx.
* Does MCL run on PowerPC?
MCL 2.01 does not run in native mode on PowerPC, nor does it generate
native mode applications.
MCL 2.01 runs under emulation on PowerPC Macs, if you do two things:
1) You don't use Apple's Virtual Memory (VM is ok with the patch
below), and
2) You turn off the "Modern Memory Manager" in the Memory control
panel.
The PPC's 68K emulator returns a hitherto-unheard-of MMU type which the
released MCL doesn't handle.
There is now a patch to make it run under VM. It's available for anonymous
ftp as
cambridge.apple.com:/pub/mcl2/patches/MMU5-for-PowerMac
To make it run under the modern memory manager will require some further
investigation. Apple is committed to making sure MCL 2.0.1 runs smoothly on
PowerPC, at least under the 68K emulation mode.
* Does MCL run on Macs with third-party accelerator cards?
Note that "works" or "does not work" below means "MCL runs with the board
installed and enabled" or "MCL crashes with the board installed and
enabled", respectively.
Daystar Turbo '040 33 MHz
works on IIci with MMU4-for-IIci patch.
Should work on other machines, but this is untested.
Daystar Power Cache 50
Works on a IIci.
Radius Rocket 25
Should work on IIci with MMU4-for-IIci patch, but this is untested. Does
not work with RocketShare on any machine, but will work with RocketWare.
Radius Rocket 25i
Centris-without-FPU patch will make it work, but this is untested. Also
needs MMU4-for-IIci patch on a IIci.
Again, will work with RocketWare, but not RocketShare.
Radius Rocket 33
Seems to work on IIci.
Tokamac 25Mhz
Doesn't work on IIci. Should work with MMU4-for-IIci patch, though this is
not tested.
RasterOps 24XLTV
Does not work on Mac II.
* Is MCL code portable to other platforms?
MCL complies with the current industry standard for Common Lisp, as defined
in "Common Lisp: The Language", second edition, by Guy Steele. This should
guarantee a high degree of compatibility with Common Lisp implementations
on many other platforms.
This specification changed somewhat between the first and second editions;
please consult the second edition for descriptions of the changes.
* What is CLIM?
The Common Lisp Interface Manager (CLIM) is a cross-platform User Interface
toolkit, which allows you to create user interfaces for Lisp applications
that will run on Macintosh, Windows, Motif (X Windows), and Symbolics Lisp
Machines. For more information about CLIM, please send mail to
clim-request@bbn.com, or contact Lucid at:
Lucid, Inc.
707 Laurel Street,
Menlo Park, CA 94025 U.S.A
800-843-4204, or 415-329-8400
415-329-8480 (fax)
sales@lucid.com
* What do CCL and MACL stand for?
MCL was originally developed by a small company in Cambridge, Mass. called
Coral Software, under the name "Coral Common Lisp" (CCL). Later, Coral
entered a marketing agreement with Franz, Inc., a major vendor of
unix-based Lisps, to sell the Coral product under the name "Macintosh
Allegro Common Lisp" (MACL).
In 1988, Apple Computer purchased Coral and its assets. In 1992, the 2.0
version of the product was renamed to Macintosh Common Lisp, or MCL.
* Where can I get more information about Common Lisp?
Appendix F of the MCL 2.0 manual ("For more information") contains many
useful references, including a bibliography of popular Common Lisp
textbooks.
The comp.lang.lisp newsgroup is another excellent source of information
about Common Lisp and other lisp dialects.
A comprehensive "Lisp FAQ" document is periodically posted to
comp.lang.lisp. This contains answers to questions programmers often ask,
including questions of style, usage, and common bugs. It also includes a
comprehensive guide to lisp vendors and implementations on various
platforms. A copy of this is also included on the MCL cd-rom in the folder
"Mail Archives & Other Docs:Answers to Freq Asked Questions"
The latest version is always available by anonymous ftp from CMU and
Thinking Machines. To get the CMU library, ftp to cs.cmu.edu, and type
cd /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mkant/Public/Lisp-Utilities/
Note: you must cd to this directory in one command, as intermediate
directories are protected from anonymous ftp access. This directory
contains the FAQ document, as well as a large collection of other Common
Lisp code, utilities, and documentation.
The Thinking Machines site is at ftp.think.com:/public/think/lisp/
* What's the future direction for MCL?
Apple is continuing to enhance and support MCL. A maintenance release, MCL
2.01, is now available, primarily to extend MCL support to the latest
Macintosh machines, such as the Centris 610, the Centris 660av, and the
Quadra 840av.
We are currently planning future releases of MCL to provide a variety of
enhancements, including PowerPC support. We have not announced future
products at this time.
*** Programming questions
Many programming questions about Common Lisp are answered in the Lisp FAQ (see
above). This section is specifically for MCL.
* Even though my screen is set to 256/thousands/millions of colors, I only
seem to get 8 different colors in my MCL windows. Why ?
This is a very frequently-asked question. Windows created by MCL default to
the original Macintosh Quickdraw routines, which only support 8 colors (6
plus black and white). In order to get the full spectrum you must:
* Be running on a machine with 32bit quickdraw. (System 7 provides
this, or get a special
system extension for System 6)
* Specify :color-p t when creating windows. One way to do this is
(make-instance 'window :color-p t)
Another approach is to make this a default for your custom
window class:
(defclass my-window (window)
(...)
(:default-initargs :color-p t ...))
* I've created an application, but it's not handling high-level events (and
thus Apple events). What should I do?
It is likely that your toplevel-function neglected to call
(startup-finished), a new "feature" of MCL 2.0.1 that is documented in the
release notes. This feature makes it possible to print from the Finder when
printing requires launching the MCL app.
Here is the relevant section of the release notes:
New startup housekeeping
In order to make printing from the Finder work correctly, high level events
are disabled until MCL's startup code enables them. If you call
SAVE-APPLICATION and specify a value for the :TOPLEVEL-FUNCTION parameter,
your toplevel function must evaluate the following form (either directly,
or indirectly via a call to CCL::STARTUP-CCL):
(startup-finished)
You should do this after processing the (FINDER-PARAMETERS). If you neglect
the call to STARTUP-FINISHED, your application will not receive any high
level events (e.g. AppleEvents).
* I'm having a lot of troubles writing TCP/IP code.
Try turning off the :async bit in the #_control trap in %tcp-control and
see if that helps.
* encode-universal-time returns bizarre (too large) values when called with
a time zone supplied.
This is a known bug. MCL neglected to initialize the era field in the
longDateRec record passed to #_LongDate2Secs. The leap-year-patch from our
ftp site fixes this bug and another obscure bug with encode-universal-time
near leap years.